
Practice Notes: Pre-Closing Restructuring When a Buyer Wants the Operating Business, Not the Holdco
Stock sales of holding companies that own multiple operating units rarely close on the original term sheet. We walk through the restructuring that almost always has to happen first.

Practice Notes: Cleaning Up a Friends-and-Family Cap Table Before Institutional Money
Informal early checks create predictable cap-table problems. We see this pattern often enough that we’ve built a cleanup playbook.

Practice Notes: When a Family Office Writes a Startup Check, the Paper Looks Different
Family office investments aren’t just small VC rounds. We’ve papered enough of them to know what tends to come up — and how to keep the founder out of trouble.

Practice Notes: When a Token Project Needs a Non-U.S. Foundation Layer
Adding a foundation to a protocol structure is not automatic. We walk multiple clients through the decision each year — here is the framework we use.

Practice Notes: Cleaning Up Prior-Round Token Rights Before the Next Raise
Token warrants and governance commitments don’t sunset on their own. When the next round demands a clean cap table, we untangle the prior commitments first.

Practice Notes: Converting a Florida Operating LLC into a Corporation for a Priced Round
We’ve helped multiple Florida operating LLCs convert to corporations to receive institutional capital. The pre-close restructuring is where most of the work hides.
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